Was Moses Before Jesus
Whether Jesus came before Moses will rely on our definition of "before." Given historical chronologies, Moses lived long before Jesus. From a theological standpoint—especially in Christian doctrine—Jesus is eternal and existed before Moses, though.
Biblical chronology tells us Moses lived roughly 1300–1400 years before Jesus. According to the conventional chronology:
- Moses was born either in the 13th or the 14th century B.C.E.
- The birth of Jesus took place under Roman control about 4 B.C.E.
Leading the Exodus and receiving the Ten Commandments, Moses was a major player in the Old Testament. He probably lived under Ramses II's rule, during the period of the Egyptian pharaohs. Conversely, under Roman rule of Judea, Jesus lived in a quite different political and historical environment. Given their more than a millennium time difference, Moses lived long historically before Jesus.
However, Jesus is seen as eternal, hence from a Christian theological perspective, he lived before Moses. Christian doctrine holds that Jesus is the Son of God and a member of the Holy Trinity hence He has no beginning or end.
Though He is also presented as being greater than Moses, Jesus is frequently linked to Moses in the New Testament:
- Jesus implies His everlasting life when he says, "Before Abraham was, I am," in John 8:58.
- According to the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus is a "new Moses" completing and extending the law Moses was given.
As the Word of God, Christians hold that Jesus existed before the earth was formed, hence He was here before Moses and all other historical figures.
How Did Moses Die
Moses’ death is described in the Bible in Deuteronomy 34:1-7. According to the biblical account, Moses died on Mount Nebo, overlooking the Promised Land, after leading the Israelites for 40 years through the wilderness.
Before his death, God allowed Moses to see the Promised Land from a distance, but he was not permitted to enter it. This was because of an earlier act of disobedience when Moses struck a rock to bring forth water instead of speaking to it as God had commanded (Numbers 20:8-12). As a result, God told him that he would not cross into Canaan with the Israelites.
At the age of 120, Moses climbed Mount Nebo, where he saw the land of Israel stretching before him. The Bible states that, despite his age, Moses’ eyesight was still strong, and he remained in good health (Deuteronomy 34:7). However, he passed away there.
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Who Buried Moses
God Himself buried Moses in an unknown location. The exact place of his burial remains a mystery, as the Bible says:
“He buried him in the valley in the land of Moab, opposite Beth-peor; but no one knows the place of his burial to this day.” – Deuteronomy 34:6
The secrecy of Moses’ burial site has led to much speculation. Some believe that God wanted to prevent the Israelites from turning Moses' grave into a shrine. Others suggest that this was to emphasize that Moses' role as leader had ended, and the Israelites needed to follow Joshua, his successor.
Moses’ death is also significant in Jewish and Christian traditions. In the New Testament, he appears alongside Elijah during Jesus’ Transfiguration (Matthew 17:1-3), symbolizing the fulfillment of the Law and the Prophets.
Despite not entering the Promised Land in life, Moses remained a key spiritual figure, remembered for his faith, leadership, and the laws he delivered. His mysterious death and burial by God continue to fascinate scholars and believers alike, reinforcing his unique role in biblical history.
Did Moses Go to Heaven
Looking at what the Bible says about Moses' death and afterlife can help us address the question of whether he went to Heaven. Even though God buried Moses in Moab, no one knows where he was laid to rest, according to the Bible. Given this unique treatment, it's clear that Moses was pivotal to God's purpose.
Having said that, it is not true that Moses was instantly admitted to Heaven upon his death. He was not immediately taken to Heaven, according to the Bible. On the other hand, the biblical account describes Sheol, sometimes known as Hades, as the location where all souls—good and bad alike—wait for the Day of Judgment. If this is true for Moses, then he must wait for God's ultimate judgment just like everyone else.
Moses' last moments are also symbolic. Though he could see the Promised Land, he was unable to enter it. For some, this is about more than simply a passing moment in history; it's a symbol of faith in God's ultimate promise.
The Bible is vague on what happened to Moses after he died. He would, like everyone else, await the verdict. On the other hand, his sight of the Promised Land may represent the prospect of an everlasting connection with God.
Did Moses Go to Hell
The Bible does not explicitly state that Moses went to hell. In fact, his appearance alongside Elijah during the Transfiguration of Jesus (Matthew 17:1–3) suggests he was in God's presence, indicating he did not go to hell.
“And after six days Jesus took with him Peter and James, and John his brother, and led them up a high mountain by themselves. And he was transfigured before them, and his face shone like the sun, and his clothes became white as light. And behold, there appeared to them Moses and Elijah, talking with him.” – Matthew 17:1-3
Additionally, some traditions hold that Moses was resurrected and taken to heaven, as implied by Jude 1:9, where the archangel Michael disputes with the devil over Moses' body. This passage has led to interpretations that Moses was granted a special status after death.
“But Michael the archangel, when he disputed with the devil and argued about the body of Moses, did not dare pronounce against him a railing judgment, but said, ‘The Lord rebuke you!’” – Jude 1:9
The Bible does not explain why this dispute happened, but some interpretations suggest that Satan may have been trying to claim Moses in death, possibly arguing that Moses’ sins made him unworthy of God's presence. However, Michael does not argue but instead calls on God’s authority, saying, "The Lord rebuke you!"
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Why Was God Mad at Moses
Moses is initially instructed by God in Exodus to strike a rock in order to make water flow in the desert:
“Behold, I will stand before you there on the rock at Horeb, and you shall strike the rock, and water shall come out of it, and the people will drink.” And Moses did so, in the sight of the elders of Israel.” – Exodus 17:6
Later on, God tells Moses to speak to a rock instead of strike it, to make water flow yet again in the dessert. This time, Moses disobeys, and instead of speaking to it he strikes it. For this, God no longer permits Moses to bring the people into the Promised Land:
“Take the staff, and assemble the congregation, you and Aaron your brother, and tell the rock before their eyes to yield its water. So you shall bring water out of the rock for them and give drink to the congregation and their cattle.” And Moses took the staff from before the Lord, as he commanded him. Then Moses and Aaron gathered the assembly together before the rock, and he said to them, “Hear now, you rebels: shall we bring water for you out of this rock?” And Moses lifted up his hand and struck the rock with his staff twice, and water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their livestock. And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Because you did not believe in me, to uphold me as holy in the eyes of the people of Israel, therefore you shall not bring this assembly into the land that I have given them.” – Numbers 20:8-12
Although we may perceive the consequences as severe, a careful examination of Moses' deeds reveals multiple errors. The most glaring example is when Moses disregarded a direct divine instruction. Moses was to speak to the rock as God had instructed. He, on the other hand, used a staff to strike the rock. As mentioned before, God had previously told Moses to use a rod to break water from a rock (Exodus 17).
However, in this case, God's instructions were distinct. Even more so after their long and deep bond, God urged Moses to put his trust in Him. There was no need for coercion on Moses' part; all he had to do was obey God and have faith that God would fulfill His promise.
Moses also claimed the glory for bringing the water forth. Instead of giving glory to God, Moses and Aaron appeared to be claiming the miracle as their own. This was something Moses did in front of an audience. In order for the Israelites to comprehend God's holiness, He could not allow it to go unpunished.
In 1 Corinthians 10:4, the rock that gives water represents Christ. Similar to the crucifixion of Christ (Hebrews 7:27), the rock was struck in Exodus 17:6. One possible interpretation of Moses' speech to the rock in Numbers 20 is a metaphor for prayer. After being "struck" once, Jesus promised to provide his followers with living water through faith-filled prayer. By wrathfully striking the rock, Moses effectively crucified Christ once more by destroying the biblical typology.
Conclusion
Moses's life and death contain great spiritual relevance; his legacy still impacts faith and belief today. His story reminds us of God's might, guidance, and justice; it also illustrates how, even if not always in the ways we would have imagined, trust in God and obedience lead to satisfaction. Seeing the Promised Land but unable to enter, his dying minutes on Mount Nebo reflect the larger promise of God's everlasting plan.
Though his fate beyond death is yet unknown, Moses's involvement in the Transfiguration suggests a divine aim outside of earthly existence. The dispute over his body in Jude 1:9 points to spiritual relevance outside human knowledge. These puzzles test Christians to focus on what is known rather than what is unknown; Moses served God faithfully, and his life matched a greater divine story.